Genre Research

A genre is a type/category of film, this is made clear through different elements that are recognisable and identifiable for the audience. For example, for a horror film, the stock elements that we would typically see would be blood and knives (specifically in a slasher horror film).

Some recognisable conventions of genres are; characters, settings, props, sound, narrative and other visual imagery.

This is useful for the audience because it helps them to differentiate films from one another. This is usually done by different codes and conventions which are elements that we typically see in certain genres. It is most useful when it comes to the marketing of films as the audience need to know what type of film they are seeing so they don't feel they are wasting their money.

Genres are also useful for institutions as it makes it easier to market the films to attract their targeted audiences. Different icons and motifs are used as a shorthand way of communicating the themes and plot to the audience.

Film Opening Research: Conclusion

Insidious Edit Timeline

The Matrix (1999) Film Opening Analysis

Analysis stops at 2 minutes 5 seconds

The fifth and final film that I am going to be analysing is American-Australian science fiction action film, The Matrix released on March 31, 1999. It stars Keanu Reeves and Laurence Fishburne, directed by The Wachowski Brothers and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and the studio being Village Roadshow Pictures and Silver Pictures. It earned $463,517,383 at the box office worldwide and received positive reviews from critics and has been widely regarded as one of the best science fiction films of all time. It won four Academy Awards as well as BAFTA awards and Saturn Awards.

At the start of the film, a large number of computer codes are running down the screen and as it zooms in, the computer codes make up the title of the film. The typography of the title is serif and capitalised and looks like the font you would see on an old computer. This immediately hints to the audience that the film will be revolved around the theme of computers and technology. The title is also green on a black background which fits the house style for the rest of the film. As the letters disappear, non diegetic technology sound effects accompany it which relate to the technological theme that we have seen so far. Technology sounds and computer codes are an icon of the science fiction genre.

After this, a voiceover is heard of two characters engaging in conversation. The fact that the film has started with these two characters suggests to the audience that the film may be revolved around them. In addition, they are both speaking in a quiet tone, suggesting that they are being secretive which relates back to the sci-fi, spy theme that is key throughout the film. "Are you sure this line is clean?" tells the audience that the characters are on the phone with each other and the use of the line also suggests that they are planning something top secret. As this diegetic dialogue, the green computer codes are continuing to run across the screen. Diegetic sounds of different technology, and computers are continuing in the background alongside the dialogue.

At 01:30, a CU shot of, what looks to be a police officer due to the use of props such as the torch and the use of costume with the hat, shows him holding a gun. A gun is an icon of the genre as we typically see weapons in a science fiction film. It also tells us that the character is powerful/dangerous and the use of the gun signifies this to the audience. Furthermore, the character is subscribing to the archetypal masculine man as men are stereotypically associated with knowing about weapons. This CU pans to the left and changes from shallow focus to deep focus as he nods to a fellow police officer.

In the low angle shot of all the police officers in a line outside of the door, we can see by the use of costume that they have been dressed to look like stereotypical, true to real life, police officers. We can tell this due to the use of the badge on their hats, the black shirt and trousers and the use of props such as the torches in their hands and the truncheons on their belts. The uniform suggests that they are characters with authority and the use of the low angle shot reinforces that they are the powerful characters in the scene. 

In the over the shoulder shot at 1:46, we can see a door. The door seems to have been covered in some stains and looks very dirty and the wallpaper on the walls is peeling off which connotes that their location is derelict and not looked after. This suggests that maybe the location is in an urban area as stereotypically, run down and derelict buildings are usually seen in towns and cities and are often locations that see a lot of crime. The lighting of the scene is very low key and the torches used by the police officers are the only sources of light that we see in the clip. This gives an eerie atmosphere and mood to the scene.

As one of the police officers breaks down the door, the diegetic sound is emphasised as the door is kicked down. This emphasised sound effect is used to signify how strong his character is. 

In the MCU shot at 01:57 just after the police officers break down the door, the officers hold up their guns and reload, pointing at the female character in the room. The emphasised diegetic sound of the guns reloading shows the danger and represents the damage that the weapon can cause.

After this, we see a MCU of the female character in front of a prop of a laptop. In the XLS before this, we could see that she is wearing some sort of black, shiny jacket which subverts the archetype of women wearing feminine clothing. This also tells the audience that her character is used to practical situations which also subverts the archetype. Another way in which this female character subverts the archetypal feminine female is with the use of hair and make-up as her make-up has been done to make her look natural and seem like she hasn't got any on. Furthermore, her hair is short which is a masculine hairstyle and again suggests that she is used to practicality. 

The idents at the beginning of the film have a green filter over them which relate to the green theme that we see later on in the scene where the computer codes are running down and fits the house style that the film has created.  

Casino Royale (2006) Film Opening Analysis

Analysis stops at 3 minutes 10 seconds

The fourth film that I will be analysing is the James Bond film, Casino Royale released on 14 November, 2006. It stars Daniel Craig and Eva Green, directed by Martin Campbell and distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Meyer and Columbia Pictures with the studio being Eon Productions. Casino Royale earned $599,045,960 worldwide becoming the highest-grossing Bond film at the time. The film received a positive response from critics and earned eight BAFTA nominations. 

The opening scene starts with an establishing shot of a large building. This then cuts to a low angle shot of a man getting out of a car outside of the building. The use of a low angle shot makes the character seem more powerful and strong and indicates to the audience that this character is going to be a dominant one in the film. He is wearing a large black coat with a fur hat. This costume tells us that he is a wealthy man as, assuming his hat is real fur, is very expensive and large, long black coats are often worn by businessmen who are generally considered as important and rich people. He is also wearing a shirt and tie which connotes that he is a businessman or someone of great importance. This shot then jump cuts to a shot of the man going up the elevator. 

A greyscale filter has been used over this opening scene making the look of the film more grey than just black and white. This suggests that the scene is very serious, dark and bleak which is often seen in many action films. 

We see a tracking shot at 01:00 that is following the man walking along a staircase. In this shot, we can see that the building is very grand and large which connotes that it is a very important location. This suggests that the man is also of great importance and whatever he is going to deal with will be very important as well. In addition, we can see that the building is modern with the use of glass used throughout the building and the metallic surfaces. This suggests to the audience that the film will be set in present day. Also, the use of the diegetic sound of the characters footsteps across the floor emphasise his importance and authority. Furthermore, this fits the archetypal traits that a masculine male is said to have as men are seen as the more powerful and dominant sex. 

In the over the shoulder shot at 01:16, we can see a character in a large black office chair. This signifies that he is also some sort of businessman and so a very powerful character. In addition, the setting that he is in backs this up as there is a modern desk, with leather chairs and other modern furniture and decor. This also suggests that the man is very wealthy due to all of the modern and up-to-date items in the room. 

The character who was previously seen walking on the staircase is seen sitting at the desk in the LS of both characters in the office. We then see him opening a drawer in the MS which has a gun placed in it. A gun is an icon of power and danger and gives a reading of the character as being quite dangerous. 

During the lead up to the reveal of the gun, some incidental music starts to play, it is very quiet at start but starts to increase in volume when the gun is seen in the drawer. This music adds to the tense atmosphere between the two characters and also adds suspense for the audience. 

Suddenly, we cut to a flashback of the character and in the over the shoulder shot at 01:55, we can see he is in a fight with another man. In the aerial shot at 01:58, we can see that this location is in a bathroom which looks to be quite dirty and this contrasts to the luxurious, business-like setting that we saw previously. Fight scenes are something that we typically see in an action film and because the fight is between two men, it fits the archetypal masculine traits of men being aggressive. 

A different filter has been used to create a different colour tint on the fight scene to indicate that this is a flash back and that it hasn't just suddenly cut to a random fight scene. The scene has been edited so that each shot is no longer than a couple of seconds to emphasise the rapid and swift movements that the characters are making which also shows their skill. In addition, incidental music has been added that is very high paced which fits well with the high paced fight scene. 

This then cuts back to present day where there is a CU of the character sitting at the desk who has a gun held up to the other character. The camera is in deep focus with the mans face and the gun in the foreground. The diegetic sound of the gun being reloaded is emphasised to show the power of the weapon and show the damage that the gun can cause. This makes the character who is holding the gun seem very powerful to the audience. 

After this, we cut back to the flashback in which the two characters are having a fight. At 02:33, we have a low angle shot which makes the character, who is winning the fight, seem very powerful against the other character. The incidental music becomes more fast paced again and as the character continues to win the fight, which then leads up to the other characters death, the music become even more frequent and louder. 

The diegetic sounds of the character shouting and screaming with pain also emphasise how powerful and dangerous the character who is winning the fight is. The diegetic sound of heavy breathing from the character after he wins the fight emphasises the intense physical activity that he has just been through which is also something that is archetypal of a masculine male.

The use of typography at the start of the scene where it establishes where the location is has been done in a capitalised serif font which connotes sophistication and so relates to the location. 

Inception (2010) Film Opening Analysis

Analysis stops at 2 minutes

The third film that I will be analysing is Inception (2010). Inception is a British-American science fiction film starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Joseph Gordon-Levitt, directed by Christopher Nolan, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and the studios being Legendary Pictures and Syncopy Films. It earned $825,532,764 at the box office and subsequently is the 38th highest-grossing film of all time. Upon release, the film garnered worldwide critical acclaim.

At the beginning of the film, there is a MCU pan from right to left of of the ocean. This then cuts to a CU shot of a man, laid on the beach in the sea who looks to have just come back to consciousness. The character's make-up has been done to make him look slightly battered and bruised, which is an icon of the genre. The character's costume is a dark green/brown jacket with matching trousers. They both seem to be slightly torn and dirty which tells the reader that this character has already been on a big adventure of some sorts. The costume connotes practicality and that the character is used to a lot of physical activity. This is also a costume which is archetypal of a typical masculine male as men are stereotypically seen as the gender who are used to the outdoors.

Diegetic ambient sound of waves crashing against the shore has been added in the background of the scene which is used to add to the atmosphere of the scene and infer to the reader that the rest of the film is going to be set around the seaside.

This then cuts to a POV shot of two children playing in the sand with diegetic sound of children laughing accompanying it. We can tell that this is a POV shot due to the canted angle of the shot which is similar to that of the angle of the characters head and also the use of the loss of focus at times during the shot which implied that the character has still lost some consciousness and his vision is blurry.

This then shot reverse shots back to the CU of a male character laying on the beach in the sea in which he loses consciousness again. This then cuts to a shot of a man in a uniform, which suggests authority and power, prodding the man in the sea's back with a gun, which also connotes authority. This is where the atmosphere changes as the tense music starts to increase in volume and becomes more prominent which suggests to the audience that the character is an antagonist. The mise en scene here of the character in uniform suggests that this character is of importance and the low angle shot also backs this up as it makes the man on the ground seem weak and the man with the gun seem strong.

The character in uniform then shouts up to another man atop of a cliff next to a large building which we can see in an establishing shot. The man shouts in a different language which tells the audience that the film is likely to be set in a foreign country. This then cuts to another establishing shot which zooms in on to this large room, presumably inside the large building seen in the previous shot. Inside the room, the colours used are dark yellows and oranges which at first looks gold which is a colour that is an icon of luxury and wealth. However, low key lighting has been used to give a darker, more sinister atmosphere which contrasts with the bright beach outdoors. This dark and sinister atmosphere tells the audience that something bad is going to happen and gives a reading to the audience that the character at the table could be the antagonist of the film.

This cuts to a MS of the back of somebody's head sitting at a large table. A shot reverse shot is used to show the character putting a gun down on the table which then goes back to the MS of the back of his head. The emphasised diegetic sound of the gun being put down emphasises the power and the damage that the gun can cause. The character sitting at the end of the table is wearing a white shirt and is sitting at, what looks to be a conference table and the fact that he is sitting at the end of it, tells the audience that he is a man of power and high authority. This is also archetypal of masculinity as men are stereotypically seen as the more powerful and dominant gender.

This then cuts to a long shot, which zooms slowly into the room, of a character being dragged into the room by two other characters which cuts to a MS shot which pans upright slowly on a character eating from a bowl. After cutting to over the shoulder shot of the other character at the other end of the table, a shot reverse shot is used of a MCU of the character's hand touching an object on the table.

Tense incidental music is used throughout this whole scene which adds tension for the audience, but also tells them that something bad is going to happen, which is typical of a sci-fi film.

The mood throughout the whole opening scene is that of mystery and confusion as the audience are not given any explanation at the very beginning to why the character is face down in the sand on the beach. This intrigues the audience as they want to find the answers to all of the questions they are thinking.

The ident of Legendary Pictures at the beginning of the film, which is revealed as the text zooms out, is on a black background and the serif typography is dark grey. This then fades to black.

The second ident is of Syncopy and like the previous ident, has a black background with dark grey typography. The text is made up out of a number of lines that are formed at the start of the ident. This then fades to black. Dramatic incidental music is played over these two idents, which immediately sets the scene for the type of film it is going to be and is typical music of a sci-fi film.

Insidious (2011) Film Opening Analysis

Analysis stops at 3 minutes 51 seconds

The second film that I am going to be analysing is American supernatural horror film, Insidious, released on April 1, 2011 starring Patrick Wilson and Rose Byrne, directed by James Wan, distributed by FilmDistrict and the studio being Alliance Films. It earned $97,009,150 worldwide and received generally positive reviews from critics.

The opening scene starts with a high angle shot which pans down to reveal a boy in bed. As the scene goes on, we can see that this shot is a crane shot as it is moving around the room without any cuts or edits. This crane shot travels around the house until we see a LS of a corridor, which at the end of it, a silhouette of a woman in the window is seen. Non-diegetic, incidental music accompanies the shot and as soon as the crane travels around the corner to reveal the shadow, the music intensifies and increases in volume, thus adding tension for the audience, which is typical of the horror genre. The music is unpleasant as it sounds like violins being scratched violently. This type of instrument and unpleasant sounds are typical of the genre and they make the audience feel uncomfortable, which is what the target audience want.

Very low key lighting and dark filters are used in the house set which casts a spooky, dark atmosphere which is an icon typically seen in the genre. This also tells the audience that maybe the house is a dangerous place and where all this paranormal activity is going to be centred around.

The crane shot starts to zoom in on the silhouette of the woman in the window when suddenly it turns another corner into another room to reveal a LS of a lady, holding a candle which is casting a light on her face. This shot slowly zooms in on to her face until it fades to black and the incidental music fades out. The title then appears suddenly along with fast paced non-diegetic music which adds tension for the audience. The sans serif typography used is large and capitalised over a black background and a shadow is cast around the text. This title then quickly fades to black. It seems that whenever this silhouette appears throughout the opening scenes, the music starts to become more frantic and increased in volume, suggesting that this character is more or less likely the antagonist.

After this, we see a number of shots which are being accompanied by the titles of the cast. The first shot we see is an establishing shot showing a large house which looks American, and so tells the audience that the film will most probably be set in America. A black and white filter is used over the shots to set a dark, eerie and bleak atmosphere which is typical of most horror films. As the shot appears, the incidental music slightly increases in volume and this continues as each new shot appears.

Another black and white shot that appears is an aerial shot of a stair case. From this shot we can see that the house is large due to the grand staircase and other furniture that is visible in the scene including the large grandfather clock. This connotes to the audience that maybe the inhabitants are wealthy due to the grand and expensive decor. In addition, these large houses which have old-fashioned furniture in such as a grandfather clock, are the typical sets that are used for horror movies. The aerial shot also shows a shadow of a man being cast across the floor, shadows are an icon of the genre and are something we typically see in horror films. Also, the fact that the incidental music intensifies as this appears suggests to the audience that this could be the antagonist throughout the film.

As more and more shots start to come and go, they start to appear and fade out more rapidly which matches the incidental music being used over it that is also increasing in pace and volume as the shots become quicker. This tells the audience that something bad could be about to happen and so it adds tension. Furthermore, with every new shot, the paranormal activity that is seen in each starts to become more common, for example in the LS of the window and a lampshade, the lampshade begins to swing back and forth and in the LS before that of the table and chairs, a chair appears to move away from the table by itself. These paranormal activities are an icon of the paranormal horror genre and tells the audience that the film will likely be about ghosts.

In a canted LS of a hallway, we can see another grandfather clock. This is the third time we see the grandfather clock as the audience now and due to the frequent features of it, this subtly tells the audience that the clock could become an important centrepiece in the film.

In a CU of a framed picture, we can see a family; a mother, father and two sons. The use of this shot implies to the audience that the film will be based around these characters. Also, families are the typical victims that we see in paranormal horror films.

The costumes used for the family are relatively modern suggesting that the film will be set in present day. The two children are wearing flannel shirts which are smart and so suggests that the characters are well behaved and well educated which connotes again that the family could be wealthy. Also, flannel shirts are a fashion choice that is often seen on Americans and so suggests that the film will be set in America.

At the very beginning of the scene, the titles seen show the director, distributor and studios that were used in the film. The typography is deep, blood red, a colour associated with danger and an icon of the genre. The font is sans serif and is capitalised. As the letters disappear gently one by one, red smoke is also cast from the letters, much like a candle being blown out which links to the use of the candle when the women appears later on in the scene. Incidental music is played alongside these titles which sets the eerie atmosphere right at the beginning, already giving the audience an idea of what type of film this is going to be.

Dear John (2010) Film Opening Analysis

Analysis stops at 4 minutes

The first film opening that I am going to be analysing is romantic drama-war film, Dear John, which was released in February 2010, starring Channing Tatum and Amanda Seyfried, directed by Lasse Hallstrom, distributed by Screen Gems and the studio being Relativity Media. It earned $114,977,104, debuting at number one at the box office and received mixed to negative reviews from critics.

The film begins showing two Sergeants in a high angle shot, which tells us that they are not very powerful, who look to be from the US army. One of the Sergeants seems to be injured, which explains the use of the high angle shot, and the other is helping him. The camera is shaking slightly, suggesting that the environment is dangerous and the use of having the it in slow motion emphasises the dramatic feel of the scene. A flashback occurs which shows a CU of a younger version of the character, who is having coins fall all over him, which are in deep focus in comparison to his head. A voiceover of the character then describes the process of how coins are made and compares himself to a coin in the US army. The fact that the film begins with a voiceover of this character, implies that the rest of the film will be based around him as we can infer that he is the lead character. 

A high angle MS of the character, who seems to be dead on the ground is then used which zooms in slowly on his face. Blood can be seen around his neck which although may not be typical in a romance film, but would still most likely be seen in a war based film. The use of the blood also shows how much danger he is in and emphasises his bravery, which is an archetypal masculine trait. 

After fading to black, it then proceeds to a LS of him on a beach, where the character, played by Channing Tatum, is seen finishing surfing and then jump cuts to a scene where he is looking over a pier on which he sees a group of four people, which are seen in a LS, two women and two men, that seem to be a pair of couples. One of the men accidentally pushes off her purse into the sea and as he goes to rescue it, the character played by Channing Tatum, beats him to it and in the XLS, dives in to the sea and rescues her purse.

We can tell that the movie is going to be based around the woman who dropped her purse and the heroic man who saved it as it immediately shows that there is interest between their characters. The heroicness of the character shows that he is trying to impress the female character to gain her affection. In addition, the very beginning of the film shows him being injured at war, which gives clues to the audience on some of the key themes that will occur throughout the rest of the film.

The first impression we have of the main character is that he is a tough and brave man as the costume that he is wearing which looks like an army uniform. He is also in a dark, muddy location outdoors and the diegetic sound of guns and shouting connotes that he is powerful and strong because he is showing that he is fearless, which is an archetypal trait of a masculine man, which affects the audiences reading of the character and hints that the character will also be brave and strong throughout the film.

In the long shot of the character when he is emerging from the sea, he is topless which attracts a young, female audience, which is the audience that stereotypically watch romance films. He is also holding a surfboard, which tells the reader that he is athletic. This also tells the audience that he is going to be the ‘hottie’ and maybe the love interest during the rest of the film. In the LS of the female character, she is wearing white and the colour white is an icon of purity and innocence, which suggests to the audience that the character is going to reflect this throughout the rest of film.

  

The weather in the establishing shot is sunny which is stereotypical of a romance film. This tells the audience that the film will be set in a hot country such as America. It also tells the audience that the film will be a happy film as sun is often related to happiness. A way in which this has been done is through the lighting used, being very bright which signifies that the location is sunny and hot. Also, bright lighting connotes serenity which links back to the location and makes the audience's reading of the film to be positive and uplifting, which again, is an icon of the romance genre. 

Additionally, in the establishing shot we see that the film is set on a beach, which is also typical of a romance film and connotes a calm and relaxing atmosphere and could suggest to the audience that the atmosphere will be similar throughout the rest of the film. Furthermore, the ambient sound of the waves lapping in the background also adds to the calm mood and atmosphere that is set at the beginning of the film as the sound of the beach is often related to a sense of relaxation.

In addition, the speed of the camera movements when they pan across the characters is very slow which also adds to this laid back, relaxed atmosphere that is typical of the genre.

The first piece of information that we see at the beginning of the film is an ident telling us the distributor of the film, being Screen Gems. The ident uses red, sans serif typography that is formed in a straight line under a matching red logo. Sound is played during the ident that increases in volume as the ident begins to appear through the large red light that is cast before it. This then fades into darkness.

The next ident that appears starts with an abundance of blue dots. It quickly zooms out and it shows what looks to be a blue galaxy with planets moving around it. The matching blue sans serif typography which has a blue glow around the lettering then appears across this image by the letters coming in from all directions and forming the name of the studio, Relativity Media. Much like the previous ident, the sound that accompanies the ident increases in volume as the typography appears.

Then the titles appear which again tells us the distributor and the name of the studio used in the film. The serif typography is white on a black background and has quiet, gentle incidental music that is playing alongside it which then carries on into the flashback. Serif typography is typical of a romance film as it connotes elegance and femininity which also relates to the films target audience. 

Preliminary Task Evaluation

Overall, I think our final preliminary film was successful considering that it was the first time that all of us had created a film on Final Cut before. The final film included music and a wide variety of shots and successfully had 'Continuity Editing' which meant that our film flowed nicely and was easy to understand. We did have a couple of problems with the film that slightly effected this however, including when Megan T opens the door slowly in one shot but in the other, the door opens quickly which slightly disrupts the continuity of the scene. In addition, in some of the shots, the camera moved places which meant that the camera angle changed in each scene which could have been slightly disorientating. This was because our group didn't finish the film in time and so had to film more later on in the day meaning that the camera had to be set up again in a slightly different place.

We also kept to the 180 degree rule successfully as throughout the film, the shots were done so that it was clear that Megan T was conversing in conversation with Megan B and myself. This meant that the different shots didn't disorientate the audience.

Unfortunately, throughout filming we had some troubles with the tripod and so this meant that in some parts of the film, the camera shook slightly meaning some of the shots are slightly shaky. Also, because we had very little time to create the preliminary film, it meant we were rushing the shots which could have meant that the camera shots were a bit messy which therefore made the film look unprofessional. To improve, our group should have been more wary of the time we had available to film and edit in and manage it effectively to make sure that we didn't spend too much time on certain shots and balance the time evenly to create a successful film.

Our group did a very rough storyboard for our preliminary film and it wasn't very clear. This meant that when it came to actually filming and editing the film, it ended up very different to what we initially expected. One thing that we did do in the planning of the film was labelling which shots we were going to use for each scene. This meant that the filming process much quicker as we didn't have to waste time deciding what shots to do when we were actually filming. Also, we initially decided to do a lot more effects and transitions but due to the lack of time we had, we only did a couple of things that we said we were going to do during the editing process.

One thing I did learn how to use during the making of the film was using Final Cut. This is something that I had never done before and so this preliminary activity was really helpful in preparing my skills for when I make my final project. I learnt how to include music, use transitions, import, cut and trim clips and add text using LiveType. I also learnt about different camera angles and which ones to use to create certain moods and to change the preferred reading of the characters.

Some of the key things that I have learnt during the process of making the preliminary film and that I will carry forward when making my final project would be time management. I have learnt that I have to stay on task and concentrate to make sure that I meet my goals and make a better quality end product. I've also improved my skills with using Final Cut and other programmes such as LiveType and I have also now touched on using Soundtrack Pro to create my own music for my film. Also, I have learnt that working in a group has it's disadvantages as it is hard to get every person in the group in one place at the same time to finish the work that needs to be done. For my final project, I will work by myself or in a pair as this will be much easier and less stressful when getting everybody to do the work.

Preliminary Task

Introduction

Introduction

Hello, I'm Charlie! I'm 16 years old. I am taking Media Studies at A Level because I am interested in continuing Media within the career I choose to pursue.

I'm looking forward to this project because I love the creative aspects of media, and because I love watching films, the thought of creating a part of one is something that excites me. However, with this project a lot of time management is needed due to the heavy work load and tight deadlines. Keeping to schedules is not one of my strengths and is something that I hope I can work on and improve during the course of the next couple of months.